Emma Nicholas Essays - Sports, Live Action Role-playing Game

Emma Nicholas Professor Jonsson Anthropology of Sports 5 November 2012 A Different Sport, a Different Play Imagine taking the risk of being thrashed into sharp rocks while trying to catch a colossal wave. Or perhaps boxing day in and day out in the far land of Thailand; ramming a hard right hook for that final knock-out before the moment of glory. Another consideration might be running up and down a lengthy court trying to score that three pointer. Even grown adults show their alternate personality when they clothe themselves in costume and battle amongst made up realms. These risk, these communities, the opportunities all play a part in the form of play. These various forms of play come from the sports we choose to take part in. The different forms of play relate people to community, inequality, opportunity and risk. The sport communities in which we congregate, act as a role in the ways we play. The loose knit community of surfers brought all sorts of "beach bums" with surfboards together. This group of people known as "beach bums" all grouped together on the beach and spent an immense amount of time on the hot sand as well as the refreshing water. In the film Riding Giants, it was discussed how all the surfers related to each other in their passion for surfing. At the time, a crowd could be considered ten people surfing for two to three hours alone. Amounting to the total eight to ten hours just being in the water and on the beach altogether. These surfers were so intertwined with each other, that relating to each other was extremely easy. For example, the population of surfers had their own jargon of slang terms. Such as "hang loose" or "gnarly". Their mentality was exceptionally cheerful while being hugely carefree. So carefree that the surfing group would pitch a tent right on the beach, fish right from the ocean for food and collect the freshest fruit they found. Even s ome of the big time surfers such as Pete Peterson, George Downey and Woody Brown came from this surfing community. They all started where every unknown surfer was, just sitting on a surfboard waiting for a wave as a whole of people who could relate to each other. Though the surfers had a great time relating to each other, not all communities of people were as equal. A not so lucky group of girls faced an immense amount of inequality. On the Lady Lions basketball team, coach Rene Portland made no secret of her training rulesno drugs, no drinking, and no lesbians. This discrimination had been put into place for as many as twenty-three years, the time Portland had been coaching at Penn State. Basketball is not necessarily a sexist game, nor is it meant to be. However, Rene Portland made the game as sexist as she could due to her firm rule of no lesbians. Portland even asked girls she knew were straight to spy on some of their fellow teammates and find out if anyone was lying about their sexuality. Rene Portland's tactics were deemed "intimidating, hostile, and offensive". Portland's intent of the discrimination was to take the stigma of lesbianism out of woman sports. The female basketball players at Penn State suffered so much inequality and unfairness that if the girls were lesbians and wanted to play basketball, they had to keep quite of their s exuality or get kicked off the team. The disconcerting part was not only did coach Portland exude extreme sexism, but also Penn State did nothing to stop it. The women of the Penn State Lady Lions basketball team faced some of the most prime example of inequality within a sport due to their sexual orientation. Though the inequality was huge, does not overpower the fact that these ladies still had the opportunities to play. Among other opportunities to play, the colorful and unusual people of Darkon take hold of every opportunity they get to live action role-play (larp). Larping is a way for the community of "larpers" to simulate real life battle. If you wear armor, then you have more strength and will not die instantly. There are hexes, charms, poisons, etc. different types of magical mischief to aid in

Free Essays on Desertification

Desertification has its greatest impact in Africa. Two thirds of the continent is desert or drylands. There are extensive agricultural drylands, almost three quarters of which are already degraded to some degree. The region is afflicted by frequent and severe droughts. Many African countries are landlocked, have widespread poverty, need external assistance, and depend heavily on natural resources for subsistence. They have difficult socio-economic conditions, insufficient institutional and legal frameworks, incomplete infrastructure, and weak scientific, technical, and educational capacities. These difficult circumstances explain why African countries have put so much effort into convincing the international community of the need for a "Convention to Combat Desertification in Those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa". Africa's desertification is strongly linked to poverty, migration, and food security. In many African countries, combating desertification and promoting development are virtually one and the same due to the social and economic importance of natural resources and agriculture. When people live in poverty, they have little choice but to over-exploit the land. When the land eventually becomes uneconomic to farm, these people are often forced into internal and cross-border migrations, which in turn can further strain the environment and cause social and political tensions and conflicts. (The link with migration was important to the international community's recognition of desertification as a truly global problem, like climate change or biodiversity loss.) Food security can ultimately be put at risk when people already living on the edge face severe droughts and other calamities. Desertification is defined as soil degradation in arid regions, often to such an extent that it is impossible to make the soil productive again. It is the result of complex interactions between unp... Free Essays on Desertification Free Essays on Desertification Desertification has its greatest impact in Africa. Two thirds of the continent is desert or drylands. There are extensive agricultural drylands, almost three quarters of which are already degraded to some degree. The region is afflicted by frequent and severe droughts. Many African countries are landlocked, have widespread poverty, need external assistance, and depend heavily on natural resources for subsistence. They have difficult socio-economic conditions, insufficient institutional and legal frameworks, incomplete infrastructure, and weak scientific, technical, and educational capacities. These difficult circumstances explain why African countries have put so much effort into convincing the international community of the need for a "Convention to Combat Desertification in Those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa". Africa's desertification is strongly linked to poverty, migration, and food security. In many African countries, combating desertification and promoting development are virtually one and the same due to the social and economic importance of natural resources and agriculture. When people live in poverty, they have little choice but to over-exploit the land. When the land eventually becomes uneconomic to farm, these people are often forced into internal and cross-border migrations, which in turn can further strain the environment and cause social and political tensions and conflicts. (The link with migration was important to the international community's recognition of desertification as a truly global problem, like climate change or biodiversity loss.) Food security can ultimately be put at risk when people already living on the edge face severe droughts and other calamities. Desertification is defined as soil degradation in arid regions, often to such an extent that it is impossible to make the soil productive again. It is the result of complex interactions between unp...

Critical Thinking and Clinical Judgment Skills Written Assignment Essay

Critical Thinking and Clinical Judgment Skills Written Assignment - Essay Example Thus, critical thinking surpasses the provision of a way of ascertaining veracity, partial veracity or falsehood of a claim, to embrace and encompass the passing of judgment not just in academic fields, but in practical ventures as well. Nursing is one of these many ventures in which critical thinking is greatly applied. As a matter of fact, critical thinking and nursing are mutually inclusive of each other that any nurse devoid of critical thinking skills seldom succeeds. That critical thinking in nursing is indispensible is a matter which is underscored by the fact that it [critical thinking] helps nurses carry out the assessment process, question, evaluate, analyze and reconstruct the process of delivering nursing care, by logically and systematically challenging the established nursing theories and practices. The magnitude of critical thinking may therefore be seen in light of the discussion which ensues forthwith. Critical Thinking and Decision-Making in Patient Care In the firs t place, when going about the nursing process or duty, it will behoove the nurse to decide [by critically thinking through] the pieces of patient information which is critical, from those that are not. Those that have been determined as important may then be analyzed. After the analysis, the nurse may need to work closely and in consultation with the patient, so as to form a consensus, which is a mutually agreed upon care goals. In this case, the nurse will need to use sound judgment to arrive at key decisions, when and by studying a wide variety of sources and by making personal observations about the patient, in relation to his medical records. In this case, the nurse will need to incorporate and use a reflective component in decision-making. Herein, the reflective component is essentially a review of the judgements and the validation of these judgments’ appropriateness (Alfaro-Lefevre, 2009). Critical Thinking in Reconciling Nursing Practices and Ethical Issues When Admini stering Patient-Based Care Above all the needs of critical thinking in nursing, is the application of critical thinking in the delivery of patient-based care. Since patient-based supports the active participation of patients and their families in decision-making about individual options for a patient’s treatment and designing new care models for the patient’s treatment. This means that in administering patient-based care, the nurse will administer care which is responsive and respectful to an individual patient’s needs, values and preferences, and making sure that patient values are the rallying points to all clinical decisions. Herein, critical thinking will be critically applicable, since the administration of patient-based care sometimes seems constrained by, and to fundamentally clash with the dictates of medical and clinical rules and guidelines (Mann, 2012). Thus, Bowles (2000) observes that when administering patient-based care, the nurse will have to: ap preciate the importance of nursing guidelines and rules of medical care; factor the patient’s preferences, values and needs; and establish the status of the patient spelled out in his medical records; think through the options needed to strike the delicate balance among delivering patient-based care, not breaching nursing and medical guidelines and not subjecting the medical institution to legal liabilities. An instance which expressly exemplifies the situation above took place on

Discuss the conflict between human intelligence and artificial Essay

Discuss the conflict between human intelligence and artificial intelligence - Essay Example These utopian societies tend to change what ‘human’ is all about. Technology has affected the way humans have lived to such an extent that normal functions, like sleep, eating or even reproduction, has been replaced by an artificial means† (â€Å"Utopia†, 2006). In this view, the robots are nearly indistinguishable from humans in the way they function and in their ability to respond in much the way humans might, with only slight differences circulating around the ability to feel emotion. Still other viewpoints hold that technology of this caliber would lead to a technological dystopia, in which all these advances lead instead to a decline in the quality of life led by the human citizens. â€Å"A dystopia is usually characterized by an authoritarian or totalitarian form of government, or some other kind of oppressive social control† (â€Å"Dystopia†, 2006). This question of whether or to what degree a man-made creation can feel human emotions pl ays a large role in the interpretation of how this society develops as well as the development of the creations themselves. In both cases, utopia or dystopia, the judgment call is made on the quality of life of the humans, with little to no regard for the lifestyle and options available to the robots who have achieved a higher level of existence. Several films have been created to illustrate these varying viewpoints, including Frankenstein, War Games, Blade Runner, The Terminator, Stepford Wives, I Robot and AI: Artificial Intelligence. Technology first allows man to create life out of nothing, without the interference of God, in the tale of Frankenstein, first written in the 1817 by Mary Shelley and made into film in 1931 (Irvine, 1997). In this instance, technology attempts utopia by conquering death but goes awry by bringing to life a creature that can find no acceptance and little understanding in the tiny German village

Strategies Of Teaching In Indian Higher Education Research Paper

Strategies Of Teaching In Indian Higher Education - Research Paper Example The scarcity in terms of infrastructure, education standards and some vital factors has instigated the door to be unlatched for the foreign universities. The Cardiff University (UK) in particular has been considered as the frame of reference in view of the spectacular learning ambiance. Cardiff University is not only known for the outstanding ranking in the UK but also for the global reputation in the research field and teaching. Having vast experience in the Cardiff University, it is really a wonderful opportunity on my part to deliver some worth mentioning narration of the education on the steadfast role. MBA by far is the most intriguing and lucrative post graduation course in recent years. It would really be an injustice to compare it with the other academic and professional course. The popularity that it has gained is enormous but definitely not valueless as it strives to blend just the right mix of the professional attitude in the future to be managers. MBA course tends to conv erge towards the professional atmosphere after the studies by enforcing the practical implementation of theoretical knowledge. It integrates the essence of the Cardiff Business School in Vidya Vikas University to reinforce a very strong global foundation for the business school in Indian territory. Part One starts with the evolution of the education system in India. This basically gives a brief history of Indian education system gradually transcending to the higher education system. Then the dissertation deals with the evolution of the global context with special reference to the US and UK education scenario, as the Church played a critical role in the development of education abroad.

Hotel Industry Of Georgetown In Penang Island Malaysia Tourism Essay

Hotel Industry Of Georgetown In Penang Island Malaysia Tourism Essay Human resources management seems like to become an important issue in all the industry nowadays. Human resources management has been various defined by the scholar. Effort that taken to make sure that the policies, procedure, and system of attracting, selecting, developing, and retaining the best employees are consistence with the firm business strategies and account for the dynamic condition within the firms competitive markets to support strategic and functional alignment (cf. Wright Snell, 1998; Way, 2006; Way Johnson, 2005) Human resources management in hospitality industry is different with the human resources practices that practices by the other industry. Human resources management in hospitality and tourism industry stresses more on The Diamond Services Model (Tesone 2005, 14). The Diamond Services Model states that four aspect need to be taken into consideration in the management of human resources which include the fiscal responsibilities of the organization, the services excellent offered to all the stakeholders, the social responsibilities of the stakeholders particularly to the customers and employees and finally the employee relations in the organization (Shariff, 2007). Overview of hotel industry in Georgetown, Penang Island In recent year, the hotel industry is growing greatly in the global and this phenomenon consists in Malaysia. This industry is providing services to tourist and customers who come for stay or holiday; its also providing employment opportunities to people. The following shows hotel rating at years of 2007 and 2010 in Malaysia. According to the Table 1 and 2, it shows the years of 2007 and 2010 which are the total number hotel in Malaysia. The total number hotel in Table 1 is 624 hotels and the total number shown in Table 2 is 801 hotels. It has shown increasing to 177 hotels after 3 years. This means that hotel industry is increasing rapidly in 3 years. In Penang area also increases rapidly after 3 years. Table 1 show the total number of hotel in Penang is 45 hotels in year 2007 and 55 hotels in year 2010. It has shown increased 10 hotels after 3 years. The Pearl of Orient has many attract destination for tourists. The most famous destination of the state is Georgetown which is located at the northeastern tip of the island is the seat of administration and is also the commercial hub of the state. This city is listed as heritage site by UNESCO in these few years. Moreover, it also is hub of commercial. This bustling metropolitan city combines the old buildings and heritage and affected by different foreign influences into colorful its history. Its multiracial population contributes also to a wealth of cultural attractions and festive celebrations for visitors to witness and enjoy. These factors are affecting the growth of hotel industry in Georgetown. The most famous hotels in Georgetown, Penang include G Hotel, Cheong Fatt Tze Mansion, Sunway Hotel Georgetown Penang, and Dorsett Penang Hotel. Those are four stars above hotels. Best hotel operation with provide best services and quality facilities for customers, employees are playing the important role in the hotel operation. Kasavana and Brooks (2001), the function of each hotel department can be summarized as front office, housekeeping, food and beverage, sales and marketing, accounting division, engineering and maintenance, security, and human resource. Many responsibilities and play in important role of each department in a hotel, so the best methods of recruitment and selection practices are essentials to hire the best employees. The task of human resources department in hotel to deals matters of employees especially in recruitment and selection practices to employment. Differ abilities are needed for differ task in hotel. Hence, the practices not only used, but the skills, knowledge, and experiences are also needed in emergency situation. Problem statement The problem of this study is limited literature on Malaysia hotel industry recruitment and selection practices. It is lack of attach importance to recruitment and selection practices. Different hotel industry has different type of recruitment and selection of employment. Variation in hotel size, location, and ownership makes the prescription of a best practice selection model problematic (Medlik, 1989). Therefore, this is a problem of this study in the hotel industry and it is lack of information about the practices in the industry. Limited literature on recruitment and selection of employment caused by diversity job position and job characteristic of variety hotel in Malaysia so couldnt specify process of recruitment and selection decision making in the hotel industry. Moreover, with less literature on recruitment and selection practices, most of hotel industry in Malaysia to recruit candidate for vacancy job, majority of hotels are base on skills, experience, and knowledge about ho tel industry and to select best employee and suitability of job vacancy position, but not adopt the practices only. Research question This study of recruitment and selection practices in hotel industry of Penang. The role of research question in study is gained more information and details to assist in research. First research question in this study is how do Penang hotels recruit their employees? The recruitment methods include internal search, external search, and outsourced search. What is the meaning of the internal search, external search, and outsourced search? According of the methods, selectors should find out the best and qualitative method to recruitment and suitability candidates and seek talents for the job vacancy. The recruitment method has adopted in hotel industry of Penang to recruit their employees and what is common method of recruitment in the hotel. Next is how do Penang hotels select their employees after recruitment? After selectors recruit the qualified candidates, selection practice is needed to select potential applicants they wish to hire. With the selection activities in differ position job vacancy, the differ selection activities should be utilize. There are applications, interviews, pre-employment testing, background checks, and references. The major activities to undertaken when screening employees for possibility selection and easier to choose talent to suitability position. The selection activities should utilize in differ job vacancy in Georgetown and choose the common activity for being select employees. Objective The purpose of this study is importance of develop efficiency method of recruitment and selection for seek qualified employees. Based on this purpose, the factors must considered by selectors prior to planning and recruiting their hotels employees recruitment. The method of practices will bring good or bad aftereffect and it must be related to the jobs after choose the employees. Therefore, the selectors cannot just use sole method in recruitment and selection practices. Multiple methods could seek a potential employee or talent to competence of the position. Differences of recruitment and selection practices depend on different size and type of each hotel. All hotels are a reliance on either formal or informal methods to select with the candidate qualities identified as desirable. This is because every method may become a chosen for selectors or employers in order to make a right decision of employment. To manage a hotel with strategy in hotel management and may be linked to other factors which directly shape practice. The study identifies different between ownership, situation and department in the hotel and management structures and explains recruitment and selection process. Impacts occurring from adopt of idealized models of recruitment and selection, such as impacts of hotel industry and overall of country. Variables The main variable in this study is different methods in recruitment such as internal search, external search, and outsourced search. In addition, the variable in this study is the different recruitment methods which are choose will bring different affect in some aspect such time and cost consume. Besides that, variety of selection staff such walk-in interview, application, testing and so on. This is also includes in the variables. These selection methods are different characteristic for each one. Therefore, selectors may obtained more detail and information of the applicants through those methods. Definition of terms Definition of hotel Hotel is place of take rest for travels and living along the travel routes in a room (lodging) and meals (food and beverage) offered. Hotel is a place of paid to offer lodging on short-term period and provides basic facilities and services such as beds, pillows, private bathroom, air conditioner, housekeeping, and cleanliness room service, and additional facilities that restaurant, swimming pool, and meeting room. In general, hotel is a place of establish commercial with providing lodging, meals, facilities, and services, and addition. Definition of recruitment Recruitment, usually known as organization is offer a job vacancy and hiring people for job vacancy or a process of generating a pool of qualified candidates for a position. It is also a process of inducing people to apply a job and decide move people who have interest in position offered to organization. There are three types of recruitment methods to recruit employees. Those are internal, external, and outsourced searches that are needed before hire suitability employees. Job requirement is considered important for the organization to have a preparation beforehand. Method of Recruitment Internal search Internal search is a process of a promotion-from-within approach that is utilized when seeking best employees for job vacancy. It is also known as the in-house recruitment in an organization. The internal search undertaken when organization believes that the best candidates for upper-level positions such as seeking front-office manager for front-office department will be found among those currently employees internal the hotel. This type of recruitment is less costly from organization since transfer employees from inside organization. Additional, this can motivate the staff to work in effort and build-up them to career prospects but excellent candidates outside the organization unavailable to apply and also cause infighting among the workforce. Internal search is mostly for tourism and hospitality organization because the internal employees are very familiar about the task and environment of this kind organization. External search With an approach to seeking the best applicants for the job vacancy that major focus on those candidates who are not currently employees in the organization. In general, it is also defines to the recruitment taking from outside of organization. External search may occur of informal or formal methods. The organization is seeking external candidates with rely on various strategies such advertisements, public and private employment assistance agencies, educational institutions (college or university), and unsolicited applications and so on. For hotel industry, external search may create new ideas, knowledge and experience from outside candidates for the organization. On the other hand, this could lower the effort of internal candidates and also may take longer period for new employees such offer training program to them. Outsourced search This search is organizations seeking for job candidates that are performed by a professional company such executive search firm specializing in employees searches. The executive search firm is which is kind of finding the potential candidates for the job in organizations. The organization can use to find the qualification that they are looking for through this method. Mostly, the executive search firms will identify potential candidates for the position needed from their list and advise their clients about best candidates available that they are looking for. The following steps are contact them to do preliminary step. These firms are usually help the organization to seeking out the potential candidates with proper skills and the candidates can fit well with the position in organization such seek out a candidate is fully experience and knowledge in food and beverage for position of FB manager. Definition of selection The selection practice in hire a new employees is a crucial decision. It is a chosen of crucial after selectors have assembled a pool of qualified candidates and they must make a decision to select the best candidates who they want to hire. The below are major activities to utilized when choosing suitable employees. Applications Application is usually used as a guide for the applicant to know what are needed by the organization. It consists of name, address, work experience, and related information about the applicant. Generally, get information about the questions asked on them should focus exclusively on job qualifications. It is clarity and introduces of applicants and need not to be complex. Organization using this method to provide the opportunity as ice-breaking with the applicant produces interview. Interview Interview is a process selection and it interact the selectors or employers with the applicant possibility. The application or resume is submitted, some applicants would be selected for the interview section. It is involves interview with many candidates and second or next interview will be coming. The organization may easier and clarify to get information of the applicants which has not listed in the application or resume. To illustrate, the common information could get in interview section those are past experience, education background, qualifications, current position and employment, expectation of future, and reason to seeking new job and make chosen to the organization and so on. Pre-employment Testing It is a common way to improve qualification of recruitment process. The meaning is all the applicants who would like to selected and gain the job in the organization; they should get the testing pass. The organization using the test results to measure the relative strength of applicants. Skills tests, psychological test, and drug screening tests are usually related in hospitality industry. The skills tests may include typing tests, computer testing, and food production tasks. Those are common skills required in some department of hospitality industry. Psychological testing can include personality tests, performance predictor tests or mentality test. For both of tests is importance to testing abilities of applicants. Drug screening test is allowance in most states. A drug-free environment can attract best qualification applicants and bring a higher-quality workplace. In the hotel industry, drug-free environment could ensure safety of customers and attract more business opportunity. Background Checks Background checks should be specifically on individual background to obtain information that relates directly to individual for employment. Recently, hospitality employers are utilizing background checks before employment in selected position. This method most commonly used such criminal history, credit reports, driving records, academic credentials and licenses. Criminal records of applicants should be checked before hiring. There is a possibility that the person could create significant safety or security risks for each one. Credit reports include financial information such payment history, amounts owed, liens and so on. Driving records is regarding available of motor vehicle records and information about traffic violations and license status. Academic credentials such schools attended, degree awarded, and transcript those should be verified a level education is necessary for particular job. Licenses such current status and expiration dates, should be obtained if it is required for position. Background checks are used as a screening device does involve some responsibilities by employers but also some responsibilities. Employers or selectors are only search information that has a directly behavior on the position for candidates. Reference Reference is sought information or comments from past employers about the employees previous work performance. The benefits are being truthful about previous employees is widely thought to be heavily outweighed by the potential liability associated with such honesty and sincerity. This method is very popular tool to use but it is more difficult to obtain on nowadays. Delimitation The delimitations of this study are time and place. In the study, the delimitation of time is year of 2011 and the place is Georgetown in Penang. The delimitation of time is year 2011 because the industry hotel is growing soon at the time. The delimitation of place is Georgetown Penang; the reason is this city is a lot of history attraction and high commerce combined in the place and it is a venue of prosperity and harmony so this is one of the choice tourists to visit, thus it is also brought many benefits into the hotel industry. Signification of study The advantages will be bringing from best employees in the hotel industry. The importance role of this study: Penang is a famous place in Malaysia, especially is George Town, it is listing as heritage site by UNESCO. According to Lee, Lim, and Aini (2008), Penang has submitted a joint application with Melaka to be listed on the UNESCO World Heritage City List in 2005. Therefore, famous hotel of good quality service and facilities provided to improve good image of Malaysia. From this way, most tourist need stay in hotel during they travel in this city so the best employees in hotel are role in crucial and they should provide good service, facility, and environment to foreign that would be increase good image to them and gain much positive respond to Malaysia. Offer recruitment of job vacancy which can reduce unemployment and crime rate in Malaysia. The hotel industry is increasing in recently and job vacancy offered and potential employees needed to recruit. Accordingly, the job vacancy is a good opportunity to jobless people and the crimes such rob and illegal business would be decreasing at the same time. Recruitment can seek talents and train them to be professional in hotel industry either internal or external search. Seek and train talents to be professional of hotel can brought the benefits for each department and add more business opportunity and challenge in hotel industry. Quality selection of staff is increasing foreign exchange and attracts more foreign investment in hotel industry to improve Malaysias economic. Government and private enterprise should cooperate together to give fully support for hotel industry in order to attract more foreign investment in Georgetown and whole of Malaysia. Not only increase investment and economic for our country, also obtain opportunities of cooperation and increase more relationship with foreign country through hotel industry development. Recruitment and selection can get more information about wellbeing of employees to reduce turnover and fulfill satisfaction them in hotel. Turnover is common issue faced by hotel industry. High turnover rate became by many factors and some factors are regarding salary, environment, and welfare provided. In selection process such in applications and interview section, employer could obtain more details of applicants such salary and work place expectation. These will be fulfilling applicant in work place prior to employment. In hotel industry, these methods can satisfy all employees of each department prior to start working and easier to appease employees feeling by employers or managers in each department. Employees also may understand more regulation and rules of hotel through these methods. The hotel industry also should base on staff skill, experience, and knowledge to choosing qualified employees. Selectors could hire good employees through recruitment and selection process but they incomprehension of employees skill and performance during working. Therefore, the selectors also need to base on scope of employees capabilities and adopt process of employment-test. The employment test is pen and paper test to evaluate knowledge of task such as calculation for cashiering skills. Practical test in the task, technical skill of chefs and housekeeping experience, it is also importance. Literature review Introduction From the literature it is proven that the human resource development found within hotel industry are not unique and sole opinions from each one researcher. Hotel operates in the industry within different classification. Stutts and Wortman (2006), the hotel industry is so complex and diverse and can be classified based on quality of facilities and services provided, target market and type of services delivered to the guests. Therefore, hotel is operation depends on its star rating, size, facilities provided, target market, and location. Yusof, Razak, Radha, and Hamid (2010) identified, Malaysia Association of Hotels (MAH) operates on 1 March 1974 and it was established by a group of concerned and dedicated operators of hotels to bring about more information of hospitality industry. The main purpose of MAH is to provide information for human resource development provider. Additional, MAH to upgrade the skills and knowledge of employees in the hotel industry in Malaysia. Human resource department is played an importance role in each hotel. Human resource department needs to responsibility for developing good service to customer and the interaction between employee and customer. The service encounter in tourism and hospitality organization involves an interpersonal transaction which takes place between customers in a complex human delivery system (Shariff, 2007). Furthermore, the management is also interaction between employers and employees. Johnson (1998) identified the management of the relationship between the employer and employee. The human resource department is focused on all departments in hotel and responsibility to hire employees. Goldsmith et. al., 1997, 2 determined a source of potential instability as far as the process of employee relations is concerned. A research of Goldsmith et al., 1997; Schneider and Bowen, 1995 determined the effectiveness of service organizations is often linked with the individual qualities of their employees. That is mean of quality service provided, not just focus on high star rating of hotel but the attitude and performance of employees also need to focus. Training process is crucial after hire the employees to increase the employees service quality but the recruitment and selection process are importance prior to start working. Research paper 2004 established by Lockyer and Scholarios (2004) indicated in their research that a best practices approach to human resource recruitment and selection might not always work in an optimal fashion within the hotel sector. In their paper they discuss how standard human resource procedures for the recruitment and selection processes are not always adequate when dealing with seasonal staffing challenges. The behavior of employees also need to paid attention during the practices is going on. Researchers Raub and Streit (2006) propose that, based upon their findings, recruiters need to be open, honest, and realistic in their recruitment efforts. This is ensuring safety of guest when the employees are serving them and reputation of hotel. Magd (2003) identifies that hospitality industry managers need to give serious consideration to employing older workers. Older workers represent a mature, pragmatic, and capable labor pool. They can project a positive image, are strong communicators, have good time flexibility; tend to be more employer loyal and are more likely to show up for work as required. The older workers had having more knowledge and experience than new employees. Therefore, new employees should cooperate with older workers to learn more experience and skill from them. The selection literature recommends the development of job and person specifications and the use of reliable and valid methods based on detailed job analysis, even for small businesses (Hunter and Schmidt, 1982). Therefore, the selection practice also is importance in the produces. Hayes and Ninemeier (2008) identified of importance of applications, interviews, testing, background checks, and references that human resource managers undertake when screening employees for possible selection. The selection literature recommends the development of job and person specifications and the use of reliable and valid methods based on detailed job analysis, even for small businesses (Hunter and Schmidt, 1982). These are show after assembled a pool of qualified candidates and comprehension in deeply to select the applicant wish to hire. Ineson and Brown, 1992; Law and Wong, 1997 determined it, in the hotel industry; however, there is little evidence of systematic selection practice to identify qu ality service characteristics. Some evidence exists for the systematic use of structured interviews and biographical data in larger and chain hotels. The selection practice cannot be ignoring, but the recruitment process should be utilized beforehand. Shariff (2007) identified recruitment is the process of searching for and identifying job candidates in sufficient quantity and quality to meet the organizations human resource needs. Hayes and Ninemeier (2008) discuss differentiate between the actions human resource managers take when selecting to conduct internal, external, or outsourced searches for qualified employees. Conceptual framework Selection Recruitment Application Interview Pre-employment testing Background checks

Armistice :: Creative Writing

It was raining. I was crouched in a large burrowed hole, surrounded by sandbags and half filled with sky water. I had not heard a single gun fire in what seemed like forever. I poked my head up, still clutching my gun with both white-knuckled hands. The dust and debris, everything along the empty street collectively turned to mud. Uniformed bodies lingered face down in the mire. The stucco buildings were sprinkled with bullet holes. Our snipers were on the cracked roofs to both sides, looming down on the center street like wicked angels with rifles. I could see Cleveland positioned in the shadows of a cracked building that once resembled a library. The big black figure masked in an ominously volleying afternoon shower. Joe Soap from Florida was hunkered in a leftover trench adjacent to where I was. The Sergeant and the other men assembled in a tall brick building to my left, stitching Healy and hopefully trying to contact head quarters. We had been lost for days with no word from any one, trekking from Caporetto almost to Vienna, through the worst carnage imaginable. We got lost somewhere and happened on a deserted mill town, twenty-three guys reduced to nine, including the Sergeant. Marky, the Sergeant’s messenger boy caught my attention running over to Cleveland unarmed without cover, then calmly to Soap, and then towards myself with something of a smile on his face. â€Å"Henry!† he said out of breath. â€Å"Is everything cleared?† I nodded. â€Å"Well then, the Sergeant would like to see everyone right away!† Marky turned and ran into the big brick building and at first I was uncertain to follow until I saw Cleveland emerge from the shadows with his rifle resting casually on his shoulder. Everyone was crowded around Healy’s lifeless body. He was still alive but the morphine had him now, his eyes swayed back and forth in his skull, his hands bloody and clenched. The Sergeant stood over him, smoking a giant cigar. I don’t know where he got hold of it, but he puffed and smiled and grabbed at his belt like a proud father. â€Å"Boys,† He gleamed. â€Å"I got something to tell y’all.† He paused for a moment. â€Å"The war is done†¦It’s all over. The powers that be had some sort of truce, signed some treaty.

“A Tale of Two Cities” by Charles Dickens Essay

Injustice is probably one of the oldest forms of hate known to man. Injustice can be found anywhere and in all forms of life. One of the most well known forms of injustice is slavery. Men and women of all ages and races suffer under slavery still to this day. Romania, for example, has been home to the unfortunate youth who are sold as prostitutes by their own parents! We all know that this is wrong, but society has driven us to not considering this as slavery, just cruelty. Obviously slavery is unjust, but some people to this date still do not know this because of the way they were brought up. However, what was once justified can, upon closer examination, be considered unjust. This was also the case during the revolution in France that began in 1789. Charles Dickens in â€Å"A Tale of Two Cities† described the many injustices that resulted from oppression in France. Injustice during the French Revolution affected everyone touched by it because the revolution claimed many victi ms on all sides. French peasants suffered, the aristocrats suffered, and innocent people suffered when the Revolution claims its victims. The unjust French government oppressed the poor peasants until they revolted in a bloody uprising. Everyone has a breaking point, and once it was reached, it was very hard to go back to a calm state. It was already bad that Marie Antoinette was using the tax money from the poor peasants to pay for her unnecessary dinner parties. Once Antoinette raised the taxes for that same purpose, it became unjust. This resulted in the beheading of Marie Antoinette. The wine was red wine, and had stained the ground of the narrow street in the suburb of Saint Antoine, in Paris, where it was spilled. It had stained many hands, too, and many faces, and many naked feet, and many wooden shoes. The hands of the man who sawed the wood, left red marks on the billets; and the forehead of the woman who nursed her baby, was stained with the stain of the old rag she wound about her head again. Those who had been greedy with the staves of the cask, had acquired a tigerish smear about the mouth; and one tall joker so besmirched, his head more out of a long squalid bag of a night-cap than in it, scrawled upon a wall with his finger dipped in muddy wine-lees–blood (Dickens 37). The wine, which symbolizes blood, was smeared everywhere. This showed how desperate the French were to find some nourishment, even if it meant slurping wine off the city streets. It was amazing how a calm day in France changed into first come first serve madness. Also, the raiding of the Bastille showed how little the peasants could tolerate before retaliating. In this massacre, the peasants overpowered the guards to set the famous landmark on fire. Next, the aristocrats suffer from the united peasants’ uncontrollable anger and violence. One may wonder how the aristocrats and the peasants suffered at the same time? Before the Revolution, the aristocrats had all the money and happiness, but as the Revolution progressed, this happiness gradually converted into fear. Once the peasants realized that they made up the majority, they took advantage of this. The peasants’ anger drove them to imprisoning and killing every rich person in sight. Innocent people were killed just because they were rich. Aristocrats had no chance of survival because they were hated most. Anyone who worked for the government or even believed in what it stood for lived in a life of fear. The Marquis from â€Å"A Tale of Two cities† was too ignorant to realize that his comments bothered the people. This angered the peasants along with how wealthy he was. But one didn’t have to be the Marquis to be punished. Any wealthy man returning to France could be considered an emigrant. For instance, Darnay, a wealthy man, was accused of being an emigrant, so he was immediately sent to prison. As you can see, even the wealthy had no protection under the crumbled government. Lastly, innocent people suffer as the Revolution burned out of control. Innocent people, which included relatives of those directly affected, suffer just because of the overgrown madness. A good example of this would be Lucie and her daughter Little Lucie. Madam Defarge (who was probably the biggest reactionary in the whole book) wanted the whole Manette family to suffer just because Darnay (the nephew of the Marquis) married into the family. Luckily, Little Lucie was not hurt, thanks to Mrs. Pross who put her own life on the line just to save the Manette family. Mrs. Pross, who lived a simple, quiet life, suffered partial deafness from the sound of a single gunshot. Many relatives of the aristocrats received death by the guillotine just because of their family ties and heritage. This was not right, but the people were blinded by their madness to even think about who they were killing and punishing. As illustrated, injustice during the French Revolution affected everyone touched by it because the Revolution claimed so many victims on all sides. Thousands of irreplaceable lives were taken during the time of the Revolution. There were no winners in the outcome of the revolution. These few years were some of the worst France had ever seen. The grindstone had a double handle, and turning at it madly were two men, whose faces, as their long hair flapped back when the whirlings of the grindstone brought their faces up, were more horrible and cruel than the visages of the wildest savages in their most barbarous disguises (Dickens 260). Is it ok to do unjust things in the name of justice? Will there ever be an end to injustice in the world we live in? At the rate we’re going, we may never reach the desired utopia that we dream of. A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens Essay In ‘A Tale of Two Cities,’ by Charles Dickens, there were two characters that have many different personality traits, strengths, and weaknesses. But they also had a few things in common as well. These two characters are Sydney Carton and Madame Defarge. Although these two characters are alike, they both have different motives. Sydney Carton is a very strong and intelligent man. Fist, Carton presents himself as a drunk, lazy attorney, who feels as though his life has no meaning. Carton professes his love to Lucie Manette, but later on Carton becomes a changed man. He transform into a Christ-like figure. He begins to shoulder his way through life. His goals are positive and lead to his â€Å"recalled to life,† in book the first. Carton only wants to do what he knows will please Lucie, because he wants to die with the knowledge that one human being in the world who thought he was worth something and cared for him. Another character in the book named Stryver, describes Carton as â€Å"summons, no energy, and purpose.† Sydney also describes himself as, â€Å"like one who died young.† The only time in which Carton’s motivation kick in is towards the end, when he sacrifices his own life for Charles Darnay because he knows it is what would make Lucie Manette happy. The next character I will describe is Madame Defarge. Madame Defarge is completely motivated as well as Carton is, but Madame Defarge is also driven with revenge. It appears that Madame Defarge goals are only of vengeance. Madame Defarge is self-centered; app her goals are reflected around herself and her own revenge, which is shown when she says, â€Å"Tell the wind and fire where to stop; not me.† †A Tale of Two Cities† by Charles Dickens Essay Throughout A Tale of Two Cities, Charles Dickens tells the story of several characters, all of who are developed continuously throughout the chapters. Several of the characters are greatly developed, some showing unpredictable sides to their personalities. Sydney Carton is a prime example of such a character, his delicate personality revealed when he declares his love for Lucie. He is not the only character in love with Lucie, however. Throughout Book Two, it is revealed that Stryver and Charles Darnay are also coveting Lucie. Darnay and Carton both announce their love for her, however Carton is the only one who goes directly to Lucie to tell her. In this passage, Carton is asking Lucie to not forget him and to remember that even when she is married and with kids, he will always be there for her to keep her happy. Carton’s declaration of his love for Lucie not only reveals his love and foreshadows his selfless, noble act in the later chapters, but in addition, Dickens’ use of language reveals that Sydney is no longer the â€Å"jackal,† but that he is in fact much more than that – a sensitive man with deep emotions. Dickens’ use of language in this passage brings to light the sincerity in Sydney Carton, changing the mood of the reader towards him, and the words that Dickens uses to make Carton express himself allows Carton to truly show his desire for Lucie. When Carton says, â€Å"for you, and for any dear to you, I would do anything,† Dickens is emphasizing the fact that Carton is dedicated to her. Throughout the passage, he continuously repeats phrases including the word you, such as when he states â€Å"I would embrace any sacrifice for you and for those dear to you.† As a result of emphasizing Carton’s love for Lucie, Dickens creates an immense feeling of sympathy for the reader, as the dedication for Lucie is expressed so eloquently. The fact that Carton accepts this unrequited love by saying â€Å"I will relieve you of a visitor with whom I well know you have nothing in unison, and between whom and you there is an impassable space† creates even more comp assion for Carton because even though it is known that Lucie does not reciprocate his feelings, it is even more painful to watch as he simply walks away from the woman he loves. In addition to uncovering Carton’s true love for Lucie, Dickens uses irony to show the eloquent Carton that contrasts with the drunken Carton of the previous chapters. The chapter to which this passage belongs to is titled â€Å"The Fellow of No Delicacy,† which is ironic because although perhaps Carton was not delicate in the preceding chapters, in this passage he is nothing but eloquent and delicate. He remarks â€Å"try to hold me in your mind, at some quiet times, as ardent and sincere in this one thing,† a great example of his eloquence, which once again causes the reader to develop sympathy for him, since the language he is using so differs from his previous drunken language à ¯Ã‚ ¨203). Carton’s eloquence really shines through in this passage, even though it contrasts with the chapter title and Dickens creates sympathy and tenderness towards Sydney Carton. Because Sydney Carton is put down, not only by others but by himself as well, throughout the entire first half of the second book, when he declares his love for Lucie in such an unselfish and loving manner, it changes how Carton is viewed. Since Stryver takes all the credit for being successful even though Carton does all the work, it is written, â€Å"†¦although Sydney Carton would never be a lion, he was an amazingly good jackal† à ¯Ã‚ ¨116). Carton even describes himself to Darnay as â€Å"I am a disappointed drudge, sir I care for no man on earth, and no man on earth cares for me,† exhibiting Carton’s own self-pity and sadness for the world à ¯Ã‚ ¨113). However, with this passage, Sydney Carton causes any reader to fully disregard any judgments made for his character. Dickens previously portrayed him as this unfortunate man without anything to live for, but now it is revealed that Carton does indeed have someone to live for – Lucie and her happi ness. This passage causes all previous opinions about Sydney Carton to be discarded, as now Sydney Carton is no longer the jackal, but he has turned into the lion. In addition to revealing the compassionate and eloquent side of Sydney Carton, this passage is also a moment of foreshadowing for Carton’s noble and unselfish act of sacrificing himself for Lucie’s happiness. What may have seemed to be just talk about how much he loved Lucie turned out to be very, very real. In this passage, Carton declares to Lucie, â€Å"†¦think now and then that there is a man who would give his life, to keep a life you love beside you† à ¯Ã‚ ¨204). In his last moments, Carton visualizes Lucie feeling that â€Å"each was not more honoured and held sacred in the other’s soul, than I was in the souls of both,† referring to the respect and recognition that both Darnay and Lucie give to Carton à ¯Ã‚ ¨500). In this passage, Carton sets up his feelings for her, perhaps knowing that someday he would have the chance to occupy a special place in Lucie’s heart for a noble, heroic act. His â€Å"sacrifice for you and for thos e dear to you† embodies the Charles Dickens’ theme of love overpowering everything. With love, Carton was able to have the strength to sacrifice his life for the happiness of one person he cared about. With love, not jealousy, he was able to ask Darnay, â€Å"I wish we might be friends† à ¯Ã‚ ¨275). While Lucie does not reciprocate Carton’s love, she does defend him in front of Darnay, declaring â€Å"I would ask you†¦to be very generous with him always†¦I would ask you to believe that he has a heart he very, very seldom reveals, and that there are deep wounds in it† à ¯Ã‚ ¨278). By Carton declaring his love for Lucie and being wholly devoted to her, he is not only able to give Lucie a complete family, safe and protected in England, but he is also able to say that â€Å"it is a far, far better thing that I do, than I have ever done; it is a far, far better rest that I go to, than I have ever known,† clearly displaying that through his death, he is gaining all the love and admiration he never had before à ¯Ã‚ ¨500). Sydney Carton is my favorite character of the entire novel. His noble act despite the unrequited love between him and Lucie is such an honorable action, and the fact that he kept true to his word about giving his life â€Å"to keep a life you love beside you† makes him all the more noble à ¯Ã‚ ¨204). I thought that this passage was really a turning point for Sydney Carton’s character, since up to that point he had been very reserved and inarticulate, but when he went to speak to Lucie he became this eloquent speaker, driven by a strong love. From then on, we continue to see Carton’s character develop, creatively seeking out the apothecary for the substances in order for the plan to work. He acted without a moment’s hesitation, and that â€Å"[his face] was the peacefullest man’s face ever beheld there† shows that he had absolutely no regrets about his sacrifice à ¯Ã‚ ¨4à ¯Ã‚ ¹Ãƒ ¯Ã‚ ¹). To be that calm when he is about to be the newest victim of the Guillotine is a daunting task in itself, but to have someone who would sacrifice his or her life just for someone else’s happiness is beyond imaginable. Therefore, this passage sets the stage for Carton’s ultimate sacrifice, making Carton no longer a â€Å"disappointed drudge,† but a noble hero who goes from being a friend to Darnay and the Manettes to becoming their savior. There is no greater sacrifice that Carton could have made, and for it all to be because he loved Lucie unconditionally is a pretty incredible thing. â€Å"A Tale of Two Cities† by Charles Dickens Essay Loyalty and duty is one of the main themes in â€Å"A Tale of Two Cities†. Dickens examines this theme on many different levels, looking at both the loyalty and duty involved in the characters’ personal relationships and their loyalty to certain causes or beliefs. Many of the characters in the book make great sacrifices due to loyalty on a national level or personal level. Lucie Manette shows great dedication and loyalty to her father, Dr. Manette. Though she once believed she was an orphan, when Lucie meets with her father she is unable to part with him. She looks after him and as the â€Å"golden thread† is able to bring him back to health and lovingly take care of him thereafter. Miss Pross, her nursemaid tells Mr. Lorry how Lucie had to persevere and showed tremendous devotion when she was nursing her father back to health â€Å"He gets up in the dead of night†¦ She hurries to him and they go on together until her love and company have brought him to himself.† (p94) She even says she is willing to avert her marriage plans despite her love for Darnay because she loves her father and does not want to leave him â€Å"If my marriage were so arranged as that it would part us†¦ I should be more unhappy and self-reproachful now than I can tell you.† (p180) Lucie sees it her duty as a daughter to look after Dr. Manette and th roughout the book she demonstrates her loyalty to him â€Å"She had been true to her duties. She was truest to them in the season of trial, as all the quietly loyal and good always will be.† (p264) Lucie also shows loyalty when her husband, Darnay is imprisoned. Throughout his imprisonment, Lucie goes to stand outside the prison for two hours each day hoping that her husband will be able to see her. â€Å"In all weathers she waited†¦ she never missed a single day.† She is also loyal to Carton who professes his love for her. She makes sure that he is welcome in her home and that he is treated with respect despite his reputation and bad habits. She tells Darnay to â€Å"Remember how strong we are in our happiness, and how weak he is in his misery!†. At the end of the book Carton sacrifices his life in order to save Darnay. Lucie honours him even after his death by naming her son after him. Darnay himself shows loyalty to his old steward, Gabelle. Gabelle is imprisoned in France due to his relationship with the Evrà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½monde family and he so he writes to Darnay appealing to his â€Å"Justice, honour, and good name.† (p233) Darnay’s sense of duty and responsibility forbids him to turn his back on Gabelle or on his country. He is unaware of how dangerous it will be for him in Paris and idealistically, he even believes that he may be able to calm some of the violence. Eventually, like a ship may be drawn to the Loadstone Rock, he decides to go to Paris and fulfil what he believes is his duty. Miss Pross is brusque, tough, and fiercely loyal to Lucie, her â€Å"Ladybird†. Mr Lorry admires her for being so humble and for adoring Lucie so much that she would do anything for her. He talks of Miss Pross being â€Å"One of those unselfish creatures†¦ who will, for pure love and admiration, bind themselves willing slaves,† (p92) At the beginning of the book, Miss Pross says that she will never go abroad â€Å"If it was ever intended that I should go across salt water, do you suppose Providence would have cast my lot in an island.† (p30). However, when Darnay goes secretly to France and Lucie hears of his imprisonment, Miss Pross accompanies her to France. She overcomes her fear of travelling out of loyalty to Lucie. At the end of the book, Miss Pross shows extreme courage and devotion to Lucie when she faces Madame Defarge to stop her discovering that Lucie is fleeing France. â€Å"I don’t care an English Twopence for myself. I know that the longer I keep you here, the greater hope there is for my Ladybird.† (p352) Miss Pross then starts a violent fight with Madame Defarge though she had â€Å"Never struck a blow in her life† and when a pistol accidentally is shot and kills Madame Defarge, Miss Pross is deafened for life. The fight between these two women shows how Miss Pross was stronger in her loyalty to Lucie than Madame Defarge was in her hatred- â€Å"love, always so much stronger than hate.† (p353) Miss Pross also remains loyal to her brother even though he had previously stolen all of her money and left her. She says that Solomon was â€Å"the one man worthy of Ladybird† (p92) and that he â€Å"Had the makings in him of one of the best and greatest men in his native country.† (p284) The revolutionaries in France prove that a new, fairer French republic can only be achieved with heavy and terrible costs. Personal loves and loyalties must be sacrificed for the good of the nation. When Darnay is arrested for the second time, the guard who seizes him reminds Manette that state interests should be held above personal loyalties. â€Å"If the Republic demands sacrifices from you, without doubt you as a good patriot will be glad to make them. The Republic goes before all.† (p281) Defarge shows courage and loyalty to the revolution when he tries to give a petition to the King â€Å"At the hazard of his life, darted out before the horses with the petition in his hand.† (p163) However, Madame Defarge thinks her husband weak when he pities Doctor Manette and does not want Darnay or Lucie to be killed. â€Å"If it depended on thee- which happily it does not- thou wouldst rescue this man even now.† (p326) Dr. Manette is loyal to his dutiful daughter Lucie. Even when Charles tells him that he is part of the French aristocratic family who caused his long imprisonment in the Bastille, he allows Charles to marry her. Though the shock of this discovery causes a relapse of his old mental state, when he recovers he accepts the marriage of Lucie and Charles for his daughter’s happiness. Mr. Lorry is extremely loyal to Tellson’s Bank. He agrees to go to the bank in Paris even in the midst of the revolution to make sure it is safe. â€Å"If I were not prepared to submit myself to a few inconveniences for the sake of Tellson’s, after all these years, who ought to be?† (p226) He describes himself as a man of business and even when he is almost eighty years old, he risks his safety and goes to Paris just to ensure the safety of the bank. Jerry Cruncher tells his wife what he thinks is her duty. â€Å"A mother’s first duty is to blow her boy out.† Mr. Cruncher does not like his wife praying because he thinks it affects his work as a grave-robber. â€Å"You have no more natural sense of duty than the bed of this here Themes river has of a pile,† (p156) However, he shows loyalty to Mr. Lorry and to the Manettes when he tells Carton that Roger Cly was not dead as he had not been in his grave when he went to dig it up. Cruncher puts his position at risk when he gives away his secret career. The French aristocracy show a lack of duty and loyalty. They treat the people of France extremely badly. When the Marquis St. Evrà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½monde’s coach runs over a child he thinks that tossing a coin to the father is enough compensation. Monseneigneur shows no loyalty to his family. When he wanted some money he married his sister to a rich man, treating her like an object rather than a sister. Dr. Manette sees how cruel the Evremendes were when he has to look after the dying lady whom they had taken from her husband on her wedding night. The sacrifice of Sydney Carton is an example of tremendous loyalty to Lucie and her family. Carton loves Lucie so much that he willingly gives up his life to save her husband, Charles Darnay. â€Å"For you, and for any dear to you, I would do anything.† Carton single-handedly thinks up a plan and arranges that he replaces Darnay at the guillotine. Carton’s love for Lucie eventually makes him a better person, knowing that he will save Darnay radically changes him, â€Å"For the first time in many years, he had no strong drink.† (p324) Even Mr. Lorry notices the change in him â€Å"His manner was so fervent and inspiring,† (p330). For the first time Carton feels like his life may have a purpose and could be useful â€Å"Of little worth as life is when we misuse it,† (p322)Carton’s loyalty to Lucie is extremely important for him, in choosing to die for her, Carton not only enables their happiness but also ensures his spiritual rebirth. â€Å"It is a far, far better thing that I do than I have ever done, it is a far, far better rest that I go to than I have ever known.† (p361) We can see through all these characters how important loyalty and duty is. For some people like Carton and Miss Pross, it provides a purpose in life. For others such as Dr. Manette, Lucie and Darnay, duty is what they feel is the right thing to do. Overall, Dickens shows us that duty and loyalty can make you a better person and that sometimes sacrifice is necessary to achieve happiness or to produce something good.

Tables of Regular Italian Verb Endings

Tables of Regular Italian Verb Endings While there are many irregular verbs in Italian (not pointing any fingers at you,  Ã¢â‚¬Å"essere† or â€Å"avere†), a vast number of them follow a pattern that can be memorized and then applied on the spot. Below you’ll find tables with verbs endings for regular first-, second-, and third-conjugation verbs. INDICATIVE/INDICATIVO Present/Presente ENDING ARE ERE IRE I singular o o o/isco II i i i/isci III a e e/isce I plural iamo iamo iamo II ate ete ite III ano ono ono/iscono Mangiare - to eat io mangio noi mangiamo tu mangi voi mangiate lui, lei, Lei mangia Essi, Loro mangiano Credere - to believe io credo noi crediamo tu credi voi credete lui, lei, Lei crede Essi, Loro credono Partire - to leave io parto noi partiamo tu parti voi partite lui, lei, Lei parte Essi, Loro partono You may notice that in the third-conjugation section (-ire), there are two options- â€Å"-o† and â€Å"-isco.†Ã‚  So how do you know which one to use? The verbs that end in â€Å"-isc† are a part of a special group of third conjugation Italian verbs (verbs ending in –ire). One good example of such verbs is finire (to finish). PRESENT INDICATIVE //  finire - to finish io finisco noi finiamo tu finisci voi finite lui, lei, Lei finisce Essi, Loro finiscono Note that the â€Å"-isc† needs to be added to the stem of all three singular (io, tu, lei) and the third-person plural (loro) forms in the present subjunctive tenses, as well as the second and third person singular and the third-person plural forms of the present imperative tense. Other verbs that need the -isc- suffix and are conjugated similar to finire include  capire  and  preferire. Unfortunately, there is no way to know which third conjugation verbs are isc verbs beyond memorizing them. Imperfect/Imperfetto ENDING ARE ERE IRE I singular avo evo ivo II avi evi ivi III ava eva iva I plural avamo evamo ivamo II avate evate ivate III avano evano ivano Mangiare - to eat io mangiavo noi mangiavamo tu mangiavi voi mangiavate lui, lei, Lei mangiava Essi, Loro mangiavano Credere - to believe io credevo noi credevamo tu credevi voi credevate lui, lei, Lei credeva Essi, Loro credevano Partire - to leave io partivo noi partivamo tu partivi voi partivate lui, lei, Lei partiva Essi, Loro partivano Past absolute/Passato remoto ENDING ARE ERE IRE I singular ai ei/etti ii II asti esti isti III /ette I plural ammo emmo immo II aste este iste III arono erono/ettero irono Mangiare - to eat io mangiai noi mangiammo tu mangiasti voi mangiaste lui, lei, Lei mangi loro, Loro mangiarono Credere - to believe, to think io credei/credetti noi credemmo tu credesti voi credeste lui, lei, Lei cred/credette loro, Loro crederono/credettero Partire - to leave io partii noi partimmo tu partisti voi partiste lui, lei, Lei part loro, Loro partirono Note that the past remote tense isn’t as commonly used in daily conversation in the center and the north of Italy. It’s used, but if you’re a beginner or intermediate student, it makes more sense to stick to the tenses you’re going to need to have a flexible and fluid conversation, like the other three listed as well as il passato prossimo. Future/Futuro semplice ENDING ARE ERE IRE I singular er er ir II erai erai irai III er er ir I plural eremo eremo iremo II erete erete irete III eranno eranno iranno Mangiare - to eat io manger noi mangeremo tu mangerai voi mangerete lui, lei, Lei manger loro, essi mangeranno Credere - to believe io creder noi crederemo tu crederai voi crederete lui, lei, Lei creder loro, essi crederanno Partire - to leave io partir noi partiremo tu partirai voi partirete lui, lei, Lei partir loro, essi partiranno

Pestle Analysis And 5 Forces Analysis Essays

Pestle Analysis And 5 Forces Analysis Essays Pestle Analysis And 5 Forces Analysis Essay Pestle Analysis And 5 Forces Analysis Essay Although it has been nearly 4 years since the destruction of the twin towers in the US, terrorism remains a very real threat in much of the world, and a powerful political and economic influence on business. The political unrest caused by insurgencies is very detrimental to the economic situations of countries, affecting economic factors like interest rates, consumer spending, and foreign investment. Terrorism is especially relevant to the confectionery industry terrorist attacks have taken the form of food poisoning in the past1. Companies in the confectionery industry will have to select the countries that they operate in wisely, and take the necessary security measures to ensure that their products are not tampered with. The ALF in 1984 claimed to have poisoned MARS Bars in the UK. Every MARS candy bar in the UK was removed from the shelves at a cost of over 3 million pounds. Again, in 1988, the ALF terrorists poisoned a lot of confectionary sugar at a Swiss chocolate factory with rat poison and sent the results to the media. As a result the company had to halt production and clean the factory at a cost of over 30 million US Dollars. An economic trend with profound effects on operations of Western European confectionery companies has to do with the cost of labour. Growing wages are currently pushing production of confectionery products out to Central and Eastern Europe. In particular, the Czech Republic is emerging as new centre for European confectionery production2. Companies that do not quickly adapt to this trend will find themselves at a cost disadvantage, which will hinder their competitiveness in the industry. Changes in world demographics also have weighty sociocultural implications for the confectionery industry. Western European populations are growing very slowly and in some instances actually declining (Eastern European countries have negative growth rates) while Africa, parts of Asia and South America have rates of population growth near 3 percent per year. Europe is also said to have an ageing population, whereas Africa, South America, and most of Asia have populations that consist of 30-40% who are under the age of 15 (See Appendix A). There is a grave threat for confectionery companies operating in European countries due to the declining and aging population. An extremely substantial portion of the confectionery market is made up of children; even adult purchases are often motivated by children. These threats have to be addressed in order to maximize profits in the industry. The growing populations in Asia and South America, on the other hand, are a source of much opportunity. Tho ugh they are outside of the Western European market, it would be wise for the large multinationals to start giving them more attention. Perhaps marketing strategies in Europe may need to be adjusted while using the original strategies to penetrate Asia and South America further. A relevant sociocultural trend occurring in developed countries today is increased health consciousness; there is growing public concern over the ingredients in products, appropriate labelling, and other related health issues. Consequently, ethical marketing is becoming more prevalent, both in Europe and in the United States3. Much of the focus has been on childrens diets being loaded with sugar, salt and fat, as well as the related issue of childhood obesity. In the UK, Martin Paterson, Deputy Director General of the Food and Drink Federation made a statement to the press in February 2003 in response to heightened media coverage of the ethics of targeting children with food and drinks, saying advertisements should not: Encourage children to eat or drink frequently throughout the day; condone excessive consumption; suggest confectionary or snacks should replace balanced meals; take advantage of childrens natural sense of loyalty4. This trend has legal implications as well. The food industry is finding itself increasingly under pressure from legislators to accurately inform customers of the nutritional value of their products5. Confectionery companies will have to adapt to the laws that are passed due to these changes in consumer lifestyles and perceptions, or face legal consequences. Growing health consciousness has sparked the pursuit of healthier chocolate. For example, recent research has shown that natural cocoa contains the highest capacity of the antioxidant procyanidin6 has allowed for technological developments such as the process of retaining polyphenols in cocoa beans throughout chocolate processing7. Another technological development resulting from growing concern for the environment is the use of biodegradable wrappers. Australias confectionary manufacturer Cadbury Schweppes was the first manufacturer in the world to implement a new form of environmentally friendly packaging in 2003. They used the biodegradable polymeric material for packaging Cadbury Milk Tray Chocolates8. These new developments are vital opportunities for the industry in its current situation, and if exploited, may be the means by which companies can quell some of the threats brought about by the sociocultural trend of increasing health consciousness. Threat of Entry Entering the industry to compete with the leading players is extremely difficult. Scale economies in production, research, and marketing are very high. In the two years from December 2002, Mintel (2004) recorded nearly 300 new product launches into the chocolate confectionery market and an average of à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½8.67 million spent by the top three advertisers in the industry. Product differentiation is also a powerful entry barrier. Branding plays a key role, particularly in the impulse market. And according to Porter (1985, p. 135), overcoming customer loyalty towards more venerable players is likely to cost new entrants substantial amounts. Capital requirements are also very high. One of the market leaders, Cadbury Schweppes, had tangible fixed assets amounting to à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1.63 billion and total assets amounting to à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½9.7 billion in 20049. Overall, the huge investment needed to create and maintain a market-leading brand means that it is difficult for smaller, or new, pl ayers to enter the market (Mintel, 2004). Bargaining Power of Suppliers The main inputs for the manufacture of confectionery include dairy products, sugars, cocoa and other ingredients. Since these products are commodities, which can hardly be differentiated and do not imply high switching costs for buyers, their suppliers have little bargaining power over chocolate manufacturers (Porter, 1985, p.137). However, there are also more specialist additions supplied to the industry, such as flavours, fragrances, chemicals, and machinery for cocoa processing and confectionery manufacturing. These suppliers would have more bargaining power than those previously mentioned since the products that they supply are more specialized, and imply higher switching costs (Porter, 1985, p.137). A chocolate manufacturer would, for example, be highly dependent on the company that supplies it with machinery. The supplier would be responsible for things like training employees to use the machinery as well as its service and maintenance. Intensity of Rivalry However, it is the larger players that dominate the market, particularly for chocolate confectionery. Branding plays a key role, particularly in the impulse market. The investment needed to create and maintain a market-leading brand has meant that it is difficult for smaller, or new, players to enter the market. As with other food sectors, there are considerable legislative needs to be met, which requires a larger scale of activity in order to operate profitably. Consumers of chocolate bars and confectionery are very price conscious, especially on basic items. The market is highly competitive and price-cutting is widespread. Retail prices and margins vary widely according to product and outlet. Prices in large food stores, especially for products sold under distributors brands, are much lower than those of products retailed by other miscellaneous shops and this has been an important factor in the growth of own labels in this market. Bargaining Power of Buyers The retail distribution of take-home and eat-later confectionery is basically done through two groups of channels, i.e. multiple grocers and impulse retail channels. Like with most food products, the major multiples have substantial buying power, and often buy directly from chocolate manufacturers. This is primarily because they buy in very large volumes and because they are highly concentrated. It is also because the product is not of strategic importance to the retailer, since large groceries and supermarkets offer a wide range of products and even offer own-brand ranges. The impulse market experiences a higher level of distribution through smaller outlets such as kiosks, confectioners, tobacconists, and food courts. These outlets have much less bargaining power and According to a retail panel, 87 per cent of the value of sales of chocolate bars of all types went through large grocery outlets in 1995 while the market share of small grocers shops was 13 per cent.

Historical and Social Science Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Historical and Social Science Research - Essay Example Witch hunt soon began to be regarded as politically motivated, associated with corruptions and intrigues rather than a means of alleviating evil. It was hindered when severe economic conditions took toll on the economy and made witch hunt difficult (Lemieux, 2007). The article relates in detail the case of Anne Bodenham, an old woman who was executed for being a ‘stereotypical witch,’ who owned things symbolic of witches, predicted future and was even able to transform into different animals. Her association with the well-known astrologist and wizard, John Lambe, is also strongly confirmed in the accounts. The source for most of the information available on Bodenham is Edmond Bower, a legal clerk from Dorset, who, as a religious writer and ‘an eye and ear Witness of her Examination and Confession, was inspired to write a descriptive pamphlet. According to Bower, this was in order to warn ‘good Christians’ against the seduction of such ungodly practises. His eagerness to declare Bodenham as a witch could be seen from his constant efforts to make her confess before her death. Through this, he could establish himself as a successful witch hunter. Diane Purkiss also tells of he used politics to disgrace her complete ly in Britain along with an highly implicit line of attack. It is hence, inappropriate to base evidence on religious clerics like Edmond Bower as his account may involve bias resulting from the friction between religious and the then emerging unconventional ways that need not be evil, as mentioned in the article itself. Apart from religious clerics, historical pamphlets have been used in the article that indicates sexual relationship between Dr John Lambe and student, Anne Bodenham and other such major affairs. Their adherence is attributed to extensive height of politics and low morality. Another source is Anne Styles, a maid servant of Richard Goddard,

Mid-term question Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Mid-term question - Assignment Example The two main factors that many authors have identified to affect the United States national security have been the non-state actors and the transnational organizational crimes. Non-state actors refer to organizations that have power and influence on both national and international level. The non-state actors do not associate themselves with any particular state. According to Hough, in his book â€Å"Understanding the global security† he discusses the non-state actors and the trouble and turmoil they have caused to many states around the globe for many years.1 Hough identifies non-state actors as the major issue that has threatened the global security.2 The national security of the United States has been affected by the emerging non-state actors around the globe. Most of these non-state actors are military-oriented thus being referred to as non-state military groups. The most common non-state military groups include nationalists, religious groups with strong beliefs, Marxist, fascist and armed pressure groups. The United States has fallen victims of some of these groups such as nationalists, religious groups such as Christianity and Islam and armed p ressure groups. According to Hough, these non-state actors have impacted the national security of the United States negatively by killing the American people, destroying the Americans property.3 This has led to the destabilization of the United States government since it exposes the security loop holes and the incompetence of the leaders. The United States gained its independent through the battles fought by the nationalists, and they gained the independence. The spirit of nationalism has never died in the United States, and this poses a threat to the national security. The religious groups such as Islam and Christianity related have affected the security of the United States and caused a